To get a deeper understanding of how the operating system interprets the permissions we have to dig into how bit numbers represent the read/write/execute permissions. The bits are as mentioned before represented by numbers ranging from 0-7. The table below shows what each number represents.
Permission bits - Output text - Numbered value
All types of access are denied = 0
Execute access is allowed only = 1
write access is allowed only = 2
write and execute access are allowed = 3
read access is allowed only = 4
Read and execute access are allowed = 5
Read and write access are allowed = 6
Everything is allowed = 7
Linux Permissions
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